The article presents an analysis and reflection on the evaluation results of the new combat fitness test in the U.S. Army. It covers the pass rates among different genders, age groups, and personnel in various positions during the period from 2018 to 2021. The article discusses how the results of the new combat fitness test are influenced by factors such as age, gender, position, and job role. It suggests that adopting scientific training methods can effectively improve the pass rates. The article also emphasizes the need to avoid a one-size-fits-all approach in the development of fitness test standards and highlights the importance of scientific training and enhancing post-assessment monitoring measures.

The research on sports science and health is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities in the wave of new technologies. Emerging technologies such as wearable devices and artificial intelligence offer the possibility to accurately monitor exercise data, provide personalized plans, and contribute to disease prevention and rehabilitation. However, issues such as data privacy protection, technical reliability and high costs urgently need to be overcome. In terms of the development path, interdisciplinary integration is required to promote the combination of theory and practice, a standardized data management system should be established to ensure information security, and the popularization of technologies should be promoted to expand the scope of application, so that emerging technologies can give full play to their effectiveness in this field and promote the research on sports science and health to a new height.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the global efficacy of exercise on body composition, body functions, inflammation, and metabolic indicators in older patients with sarcopenic obesity and to generate an evidence-based rationale for its promotion and application. Methods: Databases including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were extensively reviewed from inception to January 2024. Literature assessment, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two independent researchers using Cochrane Evaluation Tool, Review Manager 5.4 for meta-analysis, and funnel plot testing for publication bias. Results: A total of 11 studies involving 664 patients were selected. Exercise can markedly lessen patient body mass index (P<0.001), body fat rate (P<0.001), and visceral fat area (P<0.001), yet it does not enhance total skeletal muscle mass (P=0.86), nor skeletal muscle mass index (P=0.28). Exercise can notably improve patient grip strength (P=0.02), gait speed (P=0.01), chair up test (P<0.001) and single leg standing time (P=0.10), while minimizing stand walk timing test duration (P<0.001). Exercise noticeably elevates IGF-1 levels in patients (P=0.002), while having minimal influence on IL-6 (P=0.62), C-reactive protein (P=0.20), leptin (P=0.29), Triglycerides (P=0.35) and total serum cholesterol (P=0.27). Conclusion: Exercise effectively reduces body fat, enhances physical function, and IGF-1 levels, while having no significant effect on muscle mass, inflammatory factors, and blood lipids.

FIFA11+ is a set of soccer warm-up exercises developed by the FIFA Medical Evaluation and Research Center to enhance the warm-up effect and prevent soccer injuries. Since there are constant technical movements with sharp strains and turns in soccer games, the incidence rate of lower limb injuries, especially to ankle, knee, calf and thigh muscle, is the highest among others in soccer games. This paper discusses in detail the role of FIFA11+ in prevention of lower limb injuries for soccer players, and recommends that FIFA11+, as the training items, be applied to the field of campus soccer games, so as to reduce the incidence rate of lower limb injuries and the severity of the injuries in campus soccer games, and to provide theoretical support and scientific research basis for the injury prevention strategy of campus soccer games. In this paper, by summarizing the related achievements of domestic and overseas studies, we review the research did on the effect of FIFA11+ on the protection of lower limb injuries of soccer players. Through the review, we found that FIFA11+ is an effective way in prevention lower limb injuries, functioning as enhancing lower limb muscle strength, improving lower limb muscle metabolism, improving knee and ankle joint stability, and improving athletes’ dynamic balance ability, enhancing athlete sensitivity, so as to become an sufficient warm-up exercises, and effectively reduce the incidence of sports injuries or alleviate the severity of sports injuries.The time required by FIFA11+ training is not long, however the result turns out to be quite good. FIFA11+ is worth being widely promoted in school soccer in China.

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in sports injury prevention is becoming increasingly widespread. With the support of AI, the collection of human movement data, the analysis and processing of complex movement data, and the construction of intelligent sports injury prevention models have become more convenient, helping researchers to predict sports injuries with greater accuracy. This paper integrates research on sports injury prevention based on AI technology, systematically outlines and analyzes the general building process of AI models, summarizes key technical aspects in constructing sports injury prevention models, evaluates the strengths and limitations of current methods, and explores future research directions. Although existing studies have achieved some progress, several challenges remain. Future research should focus on enhancing data security technology, building data-sharing platforms, and exploring the application of multimodal approaches.

The aim of this study was to investigate the rehabilitation strategies of chronic ankle instability (CAI), focusing on analyzing the effects of strength training combined with other exercise therapies on the rehabilitation effects of CAI patients. Through searching the relevant literature at home and abroad, this study comprehensively analyzed the studies on the intervention of strength training combined with other exercise therapies on CAI patients and evaluated the muscle activation, muscle strength, postural stability, and ankle instability symptoms. It was found that strength training combined with other exercise therapies performed better in shortening peroneal muscle reaction time, enhancing muscle strength, improving dynamic and static postural stability, and improving self-perceived ankle instability in patients with CAI compared with a single training regimen. There were differences in the improvement effects of different training programs on CAI patients. In conclusion, strength training combined with other exercise therapies can multifacetedly improve muscle activation, muscle strength and postural stability in CAI patients, thus enhancing neuromuscular control function, and then effectively alleviate the instability symptoms and improve the quality of life of CAI patients.

Motion capture is an important method of biomechanics research in sports science. Motion capture could be realized through three methods manual recognition, marker-based and marker-less. The methods of manual recognition is time consuming and subjective. The method of marker-based affects human motion and the test environment is limited, while marker-less motion capture method can effectively solve these problems. Marker-less motion capture originated from computer vision and machine learning, which could estimate human posture from images and videos. The key technologies mainly include contour extraction, pose estimation and tracking. Marker-less motion capture is under development. There are a large number of public datasets for the development of marker-less motion capture. A few marker-less motion capture systems were published, including STAGE, Theia3D, FastMove and so on. Some studies have applied marker-less motion capture to the research of sports science and motion analysis, but the kinematic parameters might not meet the accuracy requirements of sports science. Compared with traditional motion capture methods, marker-less motion capture method is more portable and lower cost. Marker-less motion capture would be widely used in sports science research in the future.

To review the research progress of cold plasma to promote wound healing. Plasma is a kind of room temperature ionised gas, which is the fourth form of matter except solid, liquid and gas. At present, cold plasma shows broad application value in the medical field and has gradually become a research hotspot. Plasma is effective, safe, has few side effects, is easy to use, and has been successfully used in the treatment of different types of wounds, providing a novel treatment modality for skin wound healing. The research on wound healing has been quite extensive, and cold plasma is a safe and effective therapeutic modality that has great potential in wound repair by inhibiting bacterial growth, reducing inflammatory responses, accelerating re-epithelialisation, and thus promoting wound healing.

Background: Training-induced lower back pain is a common issue. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a novel, non-invasive pain relief tool that primarily works by applying electrical currents to electrodes, which ultimately produce vibrations to relax the muscles in the painful area. Traditional transcutaneous electrical stimulation has been widely used in clinical settings, but reports on the use of low-frequency TENS for training-induced lower back pain are rare. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the extent to which low-frequency TENS alleviates training-induced lower back pain, its impact on lumbar function, and to analyze the clinical effectiveness of this method. Methods A study was conducted on 77 soldiers with symptoms of lower back pain, who were treated with low-frequency TENS from July to October 2024. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were analyzed before and after the low-frequency TENS treatment to explore its effectiveness in treating training-induced lower back pain.Results: Using self-control, both VAS and ODI scores were significantly lower after treatment compared to before, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Low-frequency TENS treatment can effectively alleviate training-induced lower back pain. It has the advantages of short treatment time and significant effects, making it superior to other traditional conservative treatments and worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: Recruits were instructed on corrective training based on the results of the Evaluation of Military Physical Function (EMPF) and evaluated for motor performance enhancement and training injury prevention effects. Methods: An EMPF test was conducted on 339 new recruits, who were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. The control group continued to implement the original training plan, while those with abnormal EMPF results in the intervention group additionally conducted corrective exercise for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, another EMPF was conducted to evaluate the incidence of training injuries and training performance in both groups. Results: After 8 weeks, the total score of EMPF in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, the intervention group showed significantly improved performance in the snake run and pull-up compared to the control group (P<0.01). The incidence of training injuries in the intervention group (6.87%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (14.90%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The EMPF scale can be used to assess the risk of sports injury. Corrective training interventions can be implemented for individuals with abnormal EMPF results, which can effectively improve the athletic ability of officers and soldiers, improve weak links in movement patterns, and reduce the risk of sports injury.

With the intensification of global population aging, the elderly population is facing significant challenges of cerebral vascular function degradation and cognitive decline. Aerobic exercise, as a widely used and low-cost intervention to improve cerebrovascular status, significantly prevents cerebrovascular diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of the effects of aerobic exercise on the cerebral vasculature and cognitive function in elderly individuals, discussing five aspects: hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR), cerebral blood flow (CBF), endothelial cells (EC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Research has shown that aerobic exercise can increase cerebral blood flow perfusion in the hippocampus and ACC, improve CVR, increase CBF, and enhance the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the brain, thereby promoting the metabolic activity of nerve cells. Enhance EC function, promote the synthesis and release of BDNF, and improve cognitive performance. Future research needs to explore further the specific mechanisms behind aerobic exercise improving cerebrovascular and cognitive function and investigate the effects of different types, frequencies, intensities, and personalized exercise intervention programs on the elderly population, providing a more solid theoretical basis for aerobic exercise to improve cerebrovascular and cognitive function in the elderly.

Sports injury prediction is a critical research direction in the fields of sports science and medicine. Traditional methods exhibit significant limitations due to their reliance on single data source and subjective judgment, whereas artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning and deep learning can fully leverage multi-source data to identify risk patterns of sports injuries under multifactorial interactions. Building upon a review of recent studies, this paper explores the application of multi-source data fusion and AI technologies in sports injury prediction, summarizing common implementation processes that encompass three main steps: multi-source data acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and fusion, and prediction model construction and evaluation. Practical research cases in specific sports disciplines demonstrate the high accuracy and significant application value of these technologies in injury prediction. However, current studies still face challenges including limited training sample sizes for AI models, insufficient multi-source data fusion, and low real-world implementation rates. Future efforts should focus on promoting data standardization and sharing, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate technological deployment, ultimately providing intelligent solutions for sports injury prediction and early intervention.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of FMS test and individualized corrective training in preventing military training injuries. Method: An army brigade with 640 officers and soldiers as research subjects was divided into experimental and control groups according to the randomization grouping, with 320 officers and soldiers in each group. Before the beginning of the experiment, the FMS test score was performed, and the experimental group performed corrective training based on the test score results. In contrast, the control group did not impose any intervention. After 12 weeks of training, the test and assessment were repeated. New military training injuries within 12 weeks were counted after completion of the intervention. Results: There was no statistical significance between the two groups of officers and soldiers on parameters such as age and BMI (P>0.05), and the FMS score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group after receiving 12 weeks of corrective training, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of military training injuries in the experimental and control groups 12 weeks after the intervention was 7.5% versus 19.4%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The experimental group improved their basic physical performance compared to the control group after 12 weeks of intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: (1) Corrective training can improve the FMS test scores of officers and soldiers. (2)Military training injuries can be prevented by FMS screening with corresponding corrective training. (3) Basic physical fitness performance of officers and soldiers can be improved by FMS screening with corresponding corrective training.

Objective: To observe the effect of the AP (Athletes’ Performance) training system on preventing lower limb sports injuries during military training. Methods: 426 recruits from a specific class were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group (196 recruits) and the control group(204 recruits). The control group performed regular warm-up exercises, such as jogging and stretching, while the intervention group adopted the AP training system. Both groups then participated in military training activities for a total of 13 weeks. Training-related injuries were diagnosed and recorded by military doctors during this period. Results: After 13 weeks of training, knee ligament injuries, abrasions, muscle strains, and ankle sprains were the most common injuries. The incidence rates of knee ligament injuries, patellar tendinitis, ankle sprains, muscle strains, and tendon lacerations were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, for other training injuries, no significant difference was found between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The AP training system can significantly reduce the incidence of lower limb soft tissue injuries in new recruits. It has no significant effect on the occurrence of strain-related injuries and other types of injuries. The implementation of the AP training system in military training can help reduce lower limb sports injuries and prevent training-related injuries in new recruits.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the alterations in exercise decision-making attributes among male Taekwondo athletes during acute incremental load exercise-induced fatigue and their correlation with gut microbiota. Methods: Twenty-six male Taekwondo athletes were randomly assigned to an exercise-induced fatigue group (TE group) and a control group (n-TE group). Incremental load running-induced fatigue experiments were conducted to administer fatigue tests on the athletes, with Borg’ s rating of perceived exertion scale and heart rate monitor used for fatigue status monitoring. Taekwondo exercise decision-making protocols were employed to assess athletes’ exercise decision-making capabilities. High-throughput bioinformatics techniques were utilized to analyze gut microbiota alterations. Results: (1) During exercise-induced fatigue, Taekwondo athletes exhibited significantly prolonged reaction times for cognition and intuition, coupled with a significant decline in the accuracy of cognition and intuition; (2) Alpha diversity of gut microbiota in the TE group was markedly lower than that in the n-TE group. Escherichia, Desulfovibrio, Oscillospira, Akkermansia, and Shigella were significantly higher in the TE group than in the n-TE group, while Roseburia, Lachnoclostridium, and Lactobacillus were significantly lower in the TE group than in the n-TE group. The results of LEfSe analysis showed that the f_Desulfovibrionacea, g_Shigella, g_Streptococcus, and g_Megamonas were significantly higher in the TE group than in the n-TE group, while g_Roseburia, f_Faecalibacterium, g_Lactobacillus, and f_Veillonellaceae were significantly lower in the TE group than in the n-TE group; (3) The decline in exercise decision-making ability among Taekwondo athletes was significantly negatively associated with Escherichia-Shigella, Monoglobus, Romboutsia, Collinsella, and Alistipes, while showing a significant positive correlation with Fusicatenibacter and Coprococcus. Following exercise-induced fatigue, gut microbiota functional pathways predominantly involved amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism, with the TE group exhibiting significantly elevated levels of Synthetizing of methylglutaric acid, Synthetizing of Dorea longicatena, and pathway of formaldehyde oxidation I compared to the n-TE group; amino acid metabolism and Synthetizing of L-phenylalanine pathways were significantly lower in the TE group than in the n-TE group. Conclusion: Acute incremental load exercise induces fatigue and a decline in exercise decision-making ability among Taekwondo athletes; compositional analysis of gut microbiota suggests the involvement of gut microbiota and related metabolic pathways in regulating fatigue and decline in exercise decision-making ability among athletes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure biomechanics of ankle and foot with knee braces during half-squat parachute landing.Evaluate effect of knee braces on dynamic biomechanics of ankle and foot. Methods: A tolal of 20 male paratroopers with formal parachute training and more than one year of parachute jumping experience. Inclusion criteria: Male, under 30 years old, parachute experience over one year, parachuting more than 6 times, and no knee, ankle and foot injuries that affect function within 3 months. Exclusion criteria: Failure to fulfill the annual routine skydiving training, other injuries or diseases of limbs and trunk in the process of treatment and rehabilitation in three months.Average years (22.79±3.73yrs), Average height(179.46± 5.17 cm), Aaverage weight(70.97±7.85kg), Average parachute experience (1.50±0.83yrs ).Each subject jumped from two heights (40 and 80 cm) and landed on force plates in a half-squat posture. with three different knee protective conditions (no-brace, elastic brace, and semi-rigid brace). The Vicon 3D motion capture system and force plate were used to record and analysis kinematic and kinetic data, which consisted of maximum vertical ground-reaction force(M VGRF), loading time(LT), buffer time(BT), maximum ankle joint dorsiflexion displacement(MAJDD), maximum dorsiflexion angle velocity(MDAV), maximum ankle joint dorsiflexion angle(MAJDA). Results: With the height increases, there were an increase in maximum vertical ground reaction forces.The loading time of no- brace and elastic brace is reduced. The cushion time of elastic brace is prolonged. The maximum ankle joint dorsiflexion displacement of semi-rigid brace increases. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At a height of 40cm, the vertical ground reaction forces of no- brace and elastic brace and semi-rigid brace decrease sequentially. The loading time of semi-rigid brace is longer than that of no- brace and elastic brace.The maximum dorsiflexion angle velocity of elastic brace and semi-rigid brace increased compared to no- brace.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Under 80cm height, the vertical ground reaction forces of no- brace and elastic brace and semi-rigid brace decrease sequentially and the loading time is prolonged. The cushion time of elastic brace and semi-rigid brace is shorter than that of no- brace. The maximum ankle joint dorsiflexion displacement of elastic brace and semi-rigid brace increases. there were a statistically difference(P<0.05). Discussion: Under the same height, the elastic knee braces and semi-rigid knee brace can reduce ground reaction forces. With the height increasing, the elastic knee braces has little effect on the biomechanical parameters of the ankle and does not increase the risk of ankle injury.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of upper limb motion control assessment and training system on the FMA-UE, FMA, BBS, and MBI scores of stroke hemiplegia. Methods: 200 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to the 15th Metallurgical Psychiatric Hospital in Huangshi City from January 2022 to October 2024 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the envelope method, with 100 cases in each group. The control group received routine rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group received upper limb movement control evaluation and training system treatment on the basis of the control group. The therapeutic effects, upper limb joint mobility, grip strength, pinch strength, upper limb function,muscle surface electromyography signals, and balance ability were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, with significant differences between groups (P< 0.05). At 3 months post-intervention,both groups showed increases in forward flexion, abduction, grip strength, and pinch strength, but the observation group exhibited significantly higher values than the control group (P< 0.05).Scores of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) increased in both groups, with the observation group demonstrating significantly higher scores (P< 0.05). The root mean square (RMS) values of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles increased in both groups, and the observation group displayed significantly greater RMS values than the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The application of the upper limb movement control assessment and training system in stroke patients with hemiparesis significantly enhances upper limb mobility, grip and pinch strength, balance, and daily activity capacity, contributing to more effective functional recovery.

Objective: To investigate the impact of applying an early rehabilitation therapy program on wrist joint function recovery in patients with distal radius fractures. Methods: From May 2022 to October 2023, 98 patients with distal radius fractures were admitted to our hospital,who were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 49 patients in each group. The control group received conventional treatment after surgery, while the observation group underwent early rehabilitation therapy after surgery. The differences in treatment effects between the two groups were compared. Results: （1） The treatment efficiency of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). （2） There were no significant differences in Cooney score, Modified Barthel Index (MBI) score, dorsal extension range of motion, and flexion range of motion between the two groups immediately after surgery (P> 0.05). However, three months after treatment, the observation group showed better improvement in Cooney score, MBI score, dorsal extension range of motion, and flexion range of motion compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of early rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of wrist joint function recovery after distal radius fracture surgery can help improve patients' rehabilitation treatment effects and wrist joint function, making it a worthwhile recommendation.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease among postmenopausal women, emerging as a major public health concern. Studies indicate that this population is susceptible to hormonal dysregulation, which disrupts bone metabolic balance, reduces bone mineral density, and accelerates osteoporosis progression. This study analyzes postmenopausal hormonal metabolic disorders, demonstrates the significant efficacy of physical activity interventions in osteoporosis prevention and treatment, and proposes early prevention strategies combining exercise with pharmacological approaches. These findings provide valuable clinical references for managing postmenopausal osteoporosis.