Sports injury prediction is a critical research direction in the fields of sports science and medicine. Traditional methods exhibit significant limitations due to their reliance on single data source and subjective judgment, whereas artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning and deep learning can fully leverage multi-source data to identify risk patterns of sports injuries under multifactorial interactions. Building upon a review of recent studies, this paper explores the application of multi-source data fusion and AI technologies in sports injury prediction, summarizing common implementation processes that encompass three main steps: multi-source data acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and fusion, and prediction model construction and evaluation. Practical research cases in specific sports disciplines demonstrate the high accuracy and significant application value of these technologies in injury prediction. However, current studies still face challenges including limited training sample sizes for AI models, insufficient multi-source data fusion, and low real-world implementation rates. Future efforts should focus on promoting data standardization and sharing, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate technological deployment, ultimately providing intelligent solutions for sports injury prediction and early intervention.

Virtual reality (VR) technology has become a prominent research focus in the field of rehabilitation. This paper comprehensively analyzes recent domestic and international studies on the application of VR in rehabilitation, systematically reviewing its key applications in rehabilitation medicine, including pain management, balance and gait training, cognitive and psychological rehabilitation, and upper/lower limb functional recovery. In pain management, VR alleviates patients’ pain perception through immersive experiences. For balance training, its dynamic interactive features significantly enhance patients’ stability. In psychological rehabilitation, VR combined with exposure therapy helps improve cognitive dysfunction. Regarding limb function recovery, VR facilitates motor rehabilitation through task-oriented training. Although VR demonstrates significant advantages, challenges such as high equipment costs and lack of technical standardization remain. In the future, with the development of lightweight and intelligent supporting devices, VR will play an even greater role in tele-rehabilitation and interdisciplinary collaboration, bringing benefits to more patients.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of upper limb motion control assessment and training system on the FMA-UE, FMA, BBS, and MBI scores of stroke hemiplegia. Methods: 200 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to the 15th Metallurgical Psychiatric Hospital in Huangshi City from January 2022 to October 2024 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the envelope method, with 100 cases in each group. The control group received routine rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group received upper limb movement control evaluation and training system treatment on the basis of the control group. The therapeutic effects, upper limb joint mobility, grip strength, pinch strength, upper limb function,muscle surface electromyography signals, and balance ability were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, with significant differences between groups (P< 0.05). At 3 months post-intervention,both groups showed increases in forward flexion, abduction, grip strength, and pinch strength, but the observation group exhibited significantly higher values than the control group (P< 0.05).Scores of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) increased in both groups, with the observation group demonstrating significantly higher scores (P< 0.05). The root mean square (RMS) values of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles increased in both groups, and the observation group displayed significantly greater RMS values than the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The application of the upper limb movement control assessment and training system in stroke patients with hemiparesis significantly enhances upper limb mobility, grip and pinch strength, balance, and daily activity capacity, contributing to more effective functional recovery.

Based on the physiological and biomechanical mechanism of integrative neuromuscular training on the prevention and rehabilitation of ACL injury and the assessment of knee dysfunction, the effect of integrative neuromuscular training on the rehabilitation and prevention of ACL injury was comprehensively analyzed. It has been found that the main mechanisms of integrative neuromuscular training to prevent lower limb injury are stimulating muscle and nerve regeneration and repair, improving muscle strength and coordination, rebuilding proprioception, improving muscle strength distribution around knee joint, and optimizing joint motion trajectory. Integrative neuromuscular training can effectively rehabilitate knee functional symptoms after ACL surgery, improve posture control and neuromuscular control ability, strengthen proprioception, enhance dynamic stability of knee joint, reduce the incidence of ACL injury, and reduce the occurrence of secondary injury, so as to help patients better return to exercise.

Early childhood is a critical period for the development of fundamental motor skills, during which the nervous system of young children exhibits strong plasticity, making them highly sensitive to the learning and mastery of motor skills; children with better-developed motor skills are more likely to maintain active exercise habits in adulthood, reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases and forming a healthy lifestyle. The effects of different types of physical activity interventions on the fundamental movement skills of 3 to 6 years old children were investigated by retrieving Chinese and foreign databases from 2004 to 2024, and 22 studies were screened according to strict criteria for Meta-analysis. The results show that physical activity interventions significantly improve children's fundamental movement skills, with functional, game-based, rhythmic-based, and comprehensive exercises all demonstrating positive effects; among them, fundamental movement skills training demonstrated the largest effect size in enhancing locomotor skills, while game-based and fundamental movement skills training have greater impacts on manipulative skills. Subgroup analysis indicated that interventions conducted three times a week, lasting more than 30 minutes per session, and lasting 5 to 12 weeks produced better results. The research limitations include one-sided outcome indicators, and the failure to consider gender and cultural differences. In conclusion, game-based and functional physical activity interventions, combined with scientific frequency, duration, and cycle, have a significant effect on the development of fundamental movement skills in young children.

Objective: To explore the current research status, hotspots and trends in the field of Baduanjin at home and abroad, and to provide reference for the research in this field. Methods: Based on the CNKI and Web of Science databases, CiteSpace software was used to conduct a visual analysis of the annual number of publications, authors, institutions, keywords, cluster maps, time frame views, research fronts and emerging trends related to Baduanjin from 2014 to 2024. Results: A total of 1,106 Chinese-language documents and 224 English-language documents were included in the study, with the annual publication volume showing an overall upward trend. In terms of collaboration between authors and institutions, foreign countries are slightly better than domestic ones. Health promotion, quality of life, well-being, elderly people, depression and anxiety are common research topics in this field both domestically and internationally. Conclusion: Research topics both domestically and internationally are gradually shifting from the health promotion effects of Baduanjin to clinical efficacy studies on disease intervention.The application of Baduanjin has gradually evolved from strengthening the body and promoting health to disease rehabilitation and treatment. Over the past decade, with increased research into Baduanjin, and against the backdrop of the post-pandemic era, Baduanjin has become a growing trend in promoting healthy living, intervening in disease rehabilitation, and improving quality of life through combined treatment.At the same time, attention should be paid to strengthening communication between authors and cooperation between organizations to enhance the depth and breadth of research.

This study comprehensively analyzed the expression changes of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in tissue lesions of different types of tendinopathy animal models, in order to provide reference for the pathogenesis of tendon disease. The primary objective of this study was to provide a reference for the pathogenesis of tendinopathies. A review of the existing literature revealed that the majority of animal models of tendinopathy are primarily comprised of three distinct categories: the first category is the chemically induced injection model; the second category is the cutting-injury tendon injury model; and the third category is the over-exercise tendon injury model. Furthermore, it was observed that IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are the most studied proinflammatory factors in tendinopathy animal models. In this study, the two animal models of cutting-injury and overuse injury were analysed. The analysis revealed that in the cutaneous tendon injury model, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated at the early stage of tendon injury. However, IL-6 expression gradually decreased after one week, and IL-1β expression tended to be unchanged after two weeks, before beginning to decrease after three weeks. In the over-exercise tendon injury model, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α primarily increased after a period of two weeks. The upregulation of these cytokines during the early stages of tendon injury is consistent with their critical role in the inflammatory response. Despite the valuable insights provided by the present study concerning the expression profile of proinflammatory cytokines in tendinopathy, certain limitations must be acknowledged. Consequently, further research is required to provide additional validation for these findings and to investigate the specific mechanisms by which cytokines contribute to the development of tendinopathy.

Objective: To explore the potential category characteristics of exercise fear in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) based on latent profile analysis, and to analyze the characteristics differences and influencing factors of different categories of exercise fear in patients after ACLR. Methods: In the fourth quarter of 2024 (October 1 to December 31), convenience sampling was used to select postoperative patients who underwent ACLR from four ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province as the research objects. The survey instruments included the General Information Questionnaire, Kinesiophobia Assessment Scale, Family APGAR Index (APGAR), and Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were collected through multidimensional evaluation. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the potential categories of exercise fear in patients after ACLR and analyze its influencing factors. Results: Finally, 337 patients were enrolled. The results of latent profile analysis showed that the exercise fear of patients after ACLR could be divided into three potential categories: low exercise fear-stable group (22%), medium exercise fear-avoidance group (45.8%), and high exercise fear-unstable group (32.2%). The results showed that education level, care situation, pain grading, family care and self-efficacy level were the influencing factors of exercise fear in patients after ACLR (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was significant heterogeneity in the exercise fear of patients after ACLR, which was divided into 3 potential categories: the low-kinesiophobia stable group, the moderate-kinesiophobia avoidance group, and the high-kinesiophobia unstable group, which were influenced by literacy level, care situation, and pain grading, and at the same time was closely related to family care and self-efficacy, and it is recommended that healthcare professionals implement individualized interventions based on the characteristics of the exercise fear of the patients in the various categories, to reduce the patients’ exercise fear.

Proprioceptive impairment is a key factor affecting the recovery of knee joint function after surgery. Proprioceptive feedback is the subjective perception of knee joint stability, and the application of proprioceptive training as a rehabilitation method is gradually increasing in postoperative knee rehabilitation. This review attempts to summarize the current application and safety of proprioceptive training in postoperative knee rehabilitation, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the safe and effective use of this technique. Relevant studies on the application of proprioceptive training in postoperative knee rehabilitation were searched in databases such as PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). A review of domestic and international literature revealed that proprioceptive training can alleviate pain in most patients, promote the recovery of knee joint function, improve the quality of life, and reduce postoperative complications. However, current research lacks training programs for different populations, and improper use may lead to safety issues.

This paper, based on CiteSpace software, conducted a visual analysis of 1, 527 articles on the integration of sports and medicine retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from 2010 to 2024, revealing a continuous growth trend in research within this field. The study shows that the Capital University of Physical Education and Sports and Beijing Sport University are core research institutions, with scholars such as Wang Shiqiang and Lu Wenyun forming an academic research network. Current research trends reflect the evolution of the integration of sports and medicine from “sports-medicine integration” to “sports-healthcare integration” with hotspots focusing on Healthy China, mass fitness, exercise prescriptions, adolescents, and the elderly, demonstrating the deepening of theoretical innovation and practical exploration. In the future, sports-healthcare integration will become the core of health management, driving the transformation of health intervention models from passive treatment to active prevention. Intelligent health management and virtual simulation technologies will be widely applied in the health of the elderly and adolescents, aiding personalized health management. This transformation will enhance the health levels of individuals and communities and promote the realization of the “Healthy China” strategic goal.

Knee osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Limited by the distribution of medical resources and patients' mobility, telerehabilitation, as an innovative model of “Internet + medical health”, provides home-based rehabilitation support for knee osteoarthritis patients through technologies such as video conferencing, telephone guidance, SMS platforms, WeChat, and sensors. This paper systematically reviews the application types (such as video, telephone, SMS, WeChat, sensors), evaluation indicators (pain, functional,quality of life, compliance), and research progress of telerehabilitation in knee osteoarthritis patients. It is found that telerehabilitation is significantly effective in reducing pain and improving compliance, but domestic research is still in its infancy, and long-term efficacy needs to be verified by large samples. In the future, it is necessary to develop personalized telerehabilitation programs combined with national conditions and promote the deep integration of technology and clinical practice.

As a key tool in modern rehabilitation medicine, lower limb rehabilitation robots offer efficient, precise, and personalized training solutions for patients with lower limb motor dysfunction, significantly improving rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life. At present, there are relatively few review articles on intelligent lower limb rehabilitation robot technologies in China; this paper aims to provide researchers with a systematic overview of research in this area. This paper briefly reviews the development history and main types of lower limb rehabilitation robots and elaborates on the application of deep learning technologies in this field, covering convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and reinforcement learning. By deeply analyzing key challenges in the field, such as difficulties in data acquisition and labeling, limited model generalization, and the demands of real-time control tasks, this paper explores future development trends including multimodal data fusion, few-shot learning, and integration with virtual reality technologies, with the aim of advancing lower limb rehabilitation robot technologies and enhancing rehabilitation experiences for patients.

To identify the multiple condition combinations that drive the success of innovative models for promoting elderly health through sport, this study selected 20 typical cases and employed the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis （fsQCA） method to systematically examine the key elements and their synergistic mechanisms across five dimensions：the foundational support layer, the technology-driven layer, the demand-mapping layer, the implementation carrier layer, and the value-enhancement layer. The findings suggest that a closed-loop mechanism, comprising demand identification, precise matching, and dynamic adjustment, combined with the cultural dissemination effects generated by intergenerational interaction, can overcome resource constraints and enhance sport-based health services for older adults. This provides an innovative “demand-oriented+cultural empowerment” model for health governance in aging societies. The policy leverage mechanism hinges on the alignment between policy tool combinations and the levels of technological penetration and service richness, forming a transformation chain from “policy potential” to “service kinetic energy” thereby strengthening the intensity and comprehensiveness of sport-based health empowerment for the elderly. Looking ahead, improvements in health management tools, the integration of sports and healthcare, and the integration pathway of sports, medicine, and wellness—supported by national policies, societal participation, and technological advancement—will contribute to achieving the societal goal of healthy aging.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the potential application of microwave plasma technology in the treatment of infected wounds, with a view to providing a novel approach for relevant clinical therapies. Methods: The study first optimized the discharge characteristics of microwave plasma by adjusting discharge parameters. Subsequently, an infected wound model was established in rats to assess the in vivo therapeutic effects of microwave plasma on infected wounds. Results: The results showed that microwave plasma is biocompatible and capable of generating a variety of reactive species, demonstrating significant therapeutic effects on infected wounds in rats. Conclusion: Microwave plasma technology exhibits promising potential in the treatment of infected wounds. Further research into its antimicrobial mechanisms and optimization of therapeutic protocols may facilitate its clinical application in the field of sports medicine.

To address the need for muscle strength and functional recovery in fracture patients, this study examines blood flow restriction training as a low-load and safely effective rehabilitation technique, focusing on its application and mechanisms in fracture recovery, with the aim of providing an alternative to high-load training for patients. Relevant literature on blood flow restriction training for fracture rehabilitation was retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang, including randomized controlled trials and case reports. Research demonstrates that BFR training shows significant efficacy in the rehabilitation of distal radius fractures, ankle fractures, and other fracture types. It effectively enhances muscle strength and joint function, with patients exhibiting good tolerance and no severe adverse reactions. The research indicates that blood flow restriction training can effectively enhance muscle strength and promote fracture healing. In clinical practice, it is recommended to select a training pressure ranging from 40% to 80% of limb occlusion pressure to ensure safety and training effectiveness.

Objective: This study is to explore the rehabilitation effect of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with massage on non fracture ankle sports injury. Methods: In this study, 160 patients with non-fracture ankle sports injuries who received treatment at Shandong Vocational College of Special Education from July 2021 to October 2023 were selected, and the patients were divided into TCM combined group and conventional rehabilitation group by random number table method. Patients in the conventional rehabilitation group received standard rehabilitation training, and patients in the TCM combined group received standard rehabilitation training on the basis of routine rehabilitation training. Added acupuncture and massage treatment. The effects and quality of life after treatment, as well as ankle joint function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: The effective rate of TCM combined group was higher than that of conventional rehabilitation group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the scores of AOFAS and FAAM in the two groups were close, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After treatment, the scores of AOFAS and FAAM in the TCM combined group were higher than those in the conventional rehabilitation group (P<0.01). SF-36 scores were significantly lower in the TCM group than that of conventional rehabilitation group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with massage has a significant effect on the treatment of non-fracture ankle joint sports injury, which can improve the ankle joint function and improve the quality of life.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of using high-energy lasers before exercise on muscle fatigue recovery. Methods: Twenty healthy college students majoring in sports training form Shandong Sport University were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The intervention of high-energy laser was performed before the Wingate test to compare the changes in blood lactate acid values of the experimental group and the control group 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes after exercise, and the RPE values immediately after exercise, 30 minutes and 1 hour. Results: The intervention of high energy laser before exercise accelerated the elimination of blood lactate, which had a significant effect on blood lactate in both groups at the time point of 5 minutes after exercise (P<0.05). The RPE values between the two groups after the experimental intervention were significantly different at 30 minutes after exercise (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intervention with high-energy laser before exercise can reduce the production of blood lactate, accelerate the elimination of blood lactic acid, and have a positive impact on the recovery of subjective fatigue.

Through systematic searches of Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, Wan Fang, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, randomized controlled trials were analyzed to explore the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the therapeutic effects of patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly its effects on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FPG), and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG) as primary indicators, and to assess changes in secondary indicators such as body composition, blood pressure, cardiopulmonary function, and blood lipids. Studies indicate that 8~12 weeks of HIIT can significantly reduce HbA1c, FPG, and 2hPG in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as improve body composition, blood pressure, cardiopulmonary function, and blood lipids. HIIT has a positive effect on improving blood sugar control and related health indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, long-term studies are needed to verify the durability of its effects and safety profile. Future research should further explore the comparative effects of HIIT with traditional exercise and how to safely and effectively integrate HIIT into the daily management of patients with diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Tai Chi on Stress Urinary Incontinence in older women. Methods: 66 older female patients who suffered from Stress Urinary Incontinence were randomly divided into an observation group, an experimental group, and a control group. Each group has 22 participants. During the 8-week intervention, the observation group received health education three times a week; the experimental group received three 60-minute Tai Chi exercises each week in addition to three health education; the control group received three 60-minute Kegel exercises in addition to three health education. Observe the indicator changes of the subjects in the three groups at different periods before or after the intervention. The indicators to be observed include one-hour urine pad test, Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, General Self-Efficacy-Urinary Incontinence (GES-UI) Chinese Scale and Modified Oxford Grading Scale. The data was statistically analyzed after the test. Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, both the experimental group and the control group had significantly less urine leakage compared to before the intervention (P<0.01); in I-QOL scale, both the experimental group and the control group showed a significant increase in total score and social interaction score than before the intervention (P<0.05), while the experimental group received a significant increase in psychological score (P<0.05); in GSE-UI Chinese scale, both the experimental group and the control group showed significant increases in total score, confidence in therapeutic efficacy, and urinary control awareness than before (P<0.05), while the experimental group showed significant increases in confidence in adhering to exercise therapy score and controlling urinary leakage score (P<0.01); both the experimental group and the control group showed significant improvement than before the intervention in Modified Oxford Grading Scale (P<0.01). Conclusion: The eight-week health education combined with sports intervention can effectively improve pelvic floor muscle strength, alleviate urinary leakage symptoms, and increase the quality of life and self-efficacy of patients. Tai Chi yields greater improvements than Kegel exercises in alleviating participants’ psychological distress and optimizing exercise therapy adherence.

Smart bandages represent a novel class of wound dressings that integrate traditional functions such as fixation and protection with advanced features including intelligent monitoring, infection prevention, and active therapy. These devices offer considerable advantages in the field of health monitoring and beyond. A typical smart bandage consists of flexible substrates, sensing units, flexible electronic circuits, drug delivery systems, wireless communication modules, and other integrated components. They are capable of real-time monitoring of various physiological parameters, such as biomechanical signals, temperature, pH levels, and specific biomarkers, thereby demonstrating broad application potential in motion tracking, chronic wound management, intelligent diagnostics and treatment, emergency medical response, precision drug delivery, and personalized healthcare. This review focuses on the monitoring of health-related indicators via smart bandages. Based on an overview of their structural components and monitoring mechanisms, the paper systematically summarizes the development status of smart bandages with different functionalities, including those capable of biomechanical, pH, temperature, and biomarker monitoring, as well as multifunctional integrated systems. Finally, the review discusses the current advantages, key technical challenges, and future research directions in this emerging field.